Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman Kolkisin Terhadap Morfologi dan Fisiologi Tanaman Tembakau

Abstract

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) is one of the plantation crop commodities that is an important trading crop in the world including in Indonesia (Prasetyo and Mulyawan, 2023). Varieties of tobacco plants in Indonesia have a number that is still lacking, so that plant variation can be done by doing genetic variation. Genetic variation is mutation. Mutations can be done with physics and chemistry. Chemical mutation is one of the mutations that produce genetic diversity, one of the mutagens used is colchicine. Colchicine mutagen affects cell division, at the metaphase stage and at the anaphase stage which causes doubling of chromosomes or polyploidy. The purpose of the study was to determine the genetic diversity in tobacco plants with plant breeding based on morphological and physiological characters of tobacco plants. Observation variables used as parameters are molecular characters, morphological characteristics of plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, and phenolic content. This study uses chemical induction using colchicine mutagen with concentration treatment and immersion time. The observation variables analyzed were molecular analysis conducted by PCR-RAPD with primers (OPB 12, OPC 4, OPE 1, and OPE 13) and then analyzed using NTSYSpc which resulted in similarity values and dendrogram tables. Furthermore, the analysis of plant height and number of leaves as well as chlorophyll and phenolic analysis. The results showed that the induction of colchicine mutation produced diversity in the morphological characters of plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content and phenolic content compared to control plants or without mutation.