| dc.description.abstract | One of the main goals of autonomy program is to allow
people to have a direct participation in local politics and
government. This participation is expected to give opportunities
to local potentials, uniqueness and cultures to emerge. In
practice, people in one district, indeed, experience a more
genuine political participation than during the New Order era,
particularly in electing members of local parliament and a Head
of District. They also have chances to control and protest
government. However, this participation is vulnerable to
manipulation by local political actors who has money, networks
and positions. In some cases, in contrast to the goals to maximize
local potentials, cultures and uniqueness, some local politicians
use these local specialties to justify their group interests as
people interests as a whole. These manipulation processes and
participation phenomenon will be explained by using some case
studies of shariah regulations. The regulations were made
through limited people participation involving only elites’ circles
in political parties, parliaments and bureaucracy, without
involving other significant groups in society such as NGOs and
some religious organizations. This elitist process creates
problems in the legal formulations of the perda shariah, which
cause some difficulties in their implementations. In addition to
this, in some places, the shariah regulations have changed
community social awaraness and relations by taking over some
local social-religious customs and rules, which have been able to
maintain harmonious social and religious relations in society for
a long time. | en_US |
