Prevalence of Hypertension and Related Factors among Older People in Nursing Home of Jember, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Older people (OP) have a high risk for hypertension related to changing during older process in particularly system of cardiovascular. The purpose of this study is to identify prevalence of hypertension and related factors among OP in nursing home of Jember, East Java, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 42 of OP in nursing home. A self-administered questionnaire was used to identify characteristic of participants. Data of activity daily living, cognitive function, emotional

status, depression status, and spiritual activity were measured using Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Depression

Anxiety Stress Scale 14 (DASS-14), and Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), respectively. Blood pressure was measured using a standard protocol utilizing

a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors related to hypertension among OP. The mean of blood pressure of systolic and diastolic among OP were 131.90 ± 16.56 mmHg and 82.02 ± 10.18 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension among OP in nursing home were 38.1% and 21.4%, respectively. The factors of systolic hypertension were age (p= 0.038), activity daily living (p= 0.043), depression

status (p= 0.012), and spiritual activity (p= 0.015). Meanwhile, factors of diastolic hypertension were age (p= 0.041) and education (p= 0.049). Increasing age of OP related to risk factor of hypertension with psychological problems like depression. It could be reduced by existence of spiritual activity of OP. Provision of health education on changes in the cardiovascular system and adaptation of lifestyle changes in the OP will be able to reduce hypertension factors in the OP.