Cytotoxicity of Gypsum Puger Hydroxyapatite Scaffold on Rat’s Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an alloplastic material with molecule formula Ca10 (PO 4)6(OH)2 which is similar with calcium apatite that can be found in teeth and human bones. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized from natural gypsum as found abudantly in the southern part of Jember district, Puger. Composed with gelatin, hydroxyapatite synthesized from Puger gypsum (HAGP) produce scaffold that might be potential as an alternatif for bone substitute. As a biomaterial, HAGP scaffold must be non toxic to serve a compatible environment for cells. Purpose: To determine the toxicity of HAGP scaffold on rat’s bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: HAGP scaffold was immersed in cell culture medium with concentration 10mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL for 4 days. The filtered immersion medium was then exposed to MSCs cultures. The viability of MSCs were then calculated using MTT method. Results: Cells viability in HAGP 10mg/mL group was 100%, in HAGP 50 mg/mL group was 85,3%, and 78,8% in HAGP 100 mg/mL group. The significance value of 0.016 (P <0.05) indicate that there were significant differences between the groups, but there were no significant difference between HAGP 50 mg/mL group and HAGP 100 mg/mL group . Conclusion: HAGP scaffold indicates as a non toxic material for cells due to high MSCs viability.