| dc.description.abstract | Religious moderation is important in state behaviour and international relations in the globalized
world, impacting peace promotion and global security. The moderation of religion greatly influences
the determination of state identity, adherence to international norms, and enhancement of
diplomatic relations through promoting peaceful coexistence. This paper deliberates on the role of
religious moderation using case studies of Indonesia, Norway, and India, referencing constructivist
theory. The two most prominent Islamic organizations in Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama and
Muhammadiyah, actively cooperate in reducing sectarian strife and enhancing pluralism, which
benefits both internal peace and the nation's improved international standing. Conversely, despite
being a non-religious nation, Norway employs religious moderation as a strategic form of soft
power, evidenced by its mediation efforts in the Oslo Accords. This reinforces Norway's reputation
as an impartial mediator in international crises. Meanwhile, India faces a rise in religious
nationalism, mainly Hindu nationalism, which has worsened social polarization and made it
more challenging to enact moderation in both foreign and domestic policy. Analyzing these cases
highlights the challenges of religious extremism and nationalism while emphasizing the potential
of religious moderation to support domestic stability, facilitate diplomacy, and contribute
meaningfully to more considerable peacebuilding efforts. Ultimately, this research underscores the
critical importance of states incorporating moderate religious principles to promote internal
harmony and contribute positively to international diplomacy and peace initiatives. | en_US |
