Analisis Molekuler dengan Marka RAPD pada Tanaman Ubi Kayu Hasil Mutasi Sinar Gamma

Abstract

The utilization of cassava for various fields such as food to industry makes cassava a required as raw material so researchers are interested in developing more varieties using mutation breeding. Mutation is one of the best ways to cause genetic changes in plant species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diversity and genetic relationships among eleven cassava samples with two doses of gamma rays which is control and 50 Gy treatment dose using RAPD markers. The ten primers selected produced a total of 24 monomorphic bands and 15 polymorphic bands. Primers OPK-01, OPK-13, OPK-15 and OPU-13 produced the maximum number of 5 bands in each mutant plant, while primers OPF-03 and OPH-12 produced the minimum number of 2 bands. Primer OPD-05 produced 3 bands followed by primers OPF-13, OPK-07 and OPK-19 which each produced 4 bands. Cluster analysis conducted showed that the closest kinship sequence of control samples with mutants are K12-2, K14-4, K17-2, K46-1, K61-2, K49-1, K53-2, K59- 3, K68-3 and K16-3. The highest value is in mutant K12-2 (0.9231) and the lowest is in mutant K16-3 (0.7179). Chlorophyll analysis resulted in higher values of mutant plants compared to control plants. The highest value of chlorophyll content in K68-3 mutant plants (650.75 µg/g) with the value of control plants (326.14 µg/g) while the lowest value in K16-3 mutant plants (391.56 µg/g). Based on the information that has been studied, it is concluded that molecular analysis with RAPD markers is useful for identifying kinship in plants that have been treated with gamma rays.