Pengaruh Cekaman Salin terhadap Perubahan Morfofisiologi Tingkat Seluler dan Ekspresi Gen Pertahanan Pada Kultur In Vitro Kalus Padi (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

Salinity stress is an abiotic stress characterized by the presence of high salt content in the soil. This stress can decrease the rate of plant productivity. The presence of salinity stress will lead to the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are radical in plants. Plants will also activate a defense system in the form of enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms to mitigate the effects of stress. The response of rice plants under salinity stress has been extensivly studied, including through in vivo culture. This method elicits a broad response because plants are composed of various organs with different functions. On the other hand, in vivo culture serves as a model that can observe plant responses under stress at the cellular level. This research applied salinity stress as a treatment given to callus after 3 weeks of induction. The salinity concentrations used include 0 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM tested on the IR64 dan Cigeulis varieties. Both of the showed diverse responses, but the treatment of 150 mM salinity in both varieties had a significant effect on parameters such as browning level, callus size, and the expression of defense genes.