| dc.description.abstract | Malaria is a vector-transmitted disease with a high number of cases. Plasmodium
parasites are transmitted from the body of the Anopheles mosquito to the host through several
mosquito organs, including the salivary glands and the midgut. The salivary glands and the midgut,
apart from being a breeding ground for parasites, are known from several studies that various types
of microbiota inhabit these two organs. The group of bacteria is the most widely known to be
associated with Anopheles mosquitoes. The bacteria found were dominated by Gram-negative
bacteria, with Pseudomonas being the most common, followed by Aeromonas, Asaia,
Comamonas, Elizabethkingia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pantoea, and Serratia. The group of Grampositive bacteria was represented by the genera Bacillus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and
Staphylococcus. Each species of Anopheles has a different composition of associated bacteria.
Anopheles-associated bacteria currently receive much attention because of their role in fighting
Plasmodium infection. The ability of malaria vector-associated bacteria to inhibit and fight
Plasmodium infection is divided into three mechanisms. Bacteria can triger an immune response
through the Immune-deficiency (IMD) pathway, which causes active anti-Plasmodium and the
production of antimicrobial peptides, increasing ROS synthesis and microbiota, which trigger
hemocyte differentiation to protect against Plasmodium. This function related to inhibiting
Plasmodium development needs further research so that later it can become an option for vectorbased malaria control without damaging the sustainability of the environment. | en_US |
