Evaluasi Tingkat Keselamatan Jalan pada Daerah Pegunungan Akses Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen Menggunakan Metode Instrumen Irap (Studi Kasus: Jalan Kawah Ijen Bondowoso - Pos Paltuding Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen)

Abstract

The Bondowoso–Paltuding section of Ijen Crater Road serves as the primary access route to the Ijen Crater Nature Tourism Park and is characterized by mountainous terrain with sharp horizontal curves, steep longitudinal grades, limited roadway width, and hazardous roadside objects, all of which increase the risk of traffic accidents. The growing number of tourists traveling to the area highlights the need for a comprehensive road safety assessment to support appropriate safety improvement programs. This study aimed to evaluate the road safety performance of the Bondowoso–Paltuding Ijen Crater Road using the International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP), identify the road attributes that most significantly influence the star rating, and develop appropriate road safety countermeasures. The study covered a 54.2 km road section divided into 542 segments of 100 m each. Primary data included road attribute surveys, geometric characteristics, roadside facilities, traffic volume, and operating speed, while secondary data consisted of road functional classification. All road attributes were coded using ViDA version 3.02 to determine the star rating for vehicle occupants, motorcyclists, pedestrians, and bicyclists. cross-tabulation analysis was then performed on low-rated segments to identify the road attributes contributing to road safety risk, followed by the development and simulation of countermeasures based on iRAP guidelines. The results indicate that low star ratings were mainly associated with moderate to very sharp curves, longitudinal grades exceeding 10%, poor pavement and skid resistance conditions, hazardous roadside features such as steep embankments and trees, and the absence of guardrails at high-risk locations. Following the implementation of countermeasures, all segments previously rated star rating 1 and 2 were successfully upgraded to a minimum of star rating 3. For passenger vehicles, the final star rating 4 and 5 covered 432 segments and star rating 3 covered 110 segments. For motorcycles, the final star rating 4 and 5 covered 354 segments and star rating 3 covered 188 segments. Meanwhile, pedestrian and bicyclist assessments remained predominantly classified as Not Applicable due to the limited presence of these road users along most of the study corridor. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the iRAP methodology is capable of systematically identifying road safety risks and providing effective infrastructure improvement recommendations to support the prioritization of road safety enhancement on the Bondowoso–Paltuding section of Ijen Crater Road.