Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Daun Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum) terhadap Uji Kandungan Fenol Total dan Flavonoid Total

Abstract

Senggani leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) are a potential source of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics and flavonoids. Therefore, an appropriate extraction method is required to obtain optimal yield and compound recovery. This study aimed to compare extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of senggani leaf extracts obtained using maceration, percolation, and ultrasonication with 96% ethanol. Powdered simplicia was extracted with 96% ethanol at a 1:10 (w/v) solid-to-solvent ratio, the filtrates were concentrated, and yield was calculated based on the ratio of extract mass to simplicia mass. TPC was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and expressed as mg GAE/g extract, while TFC was measured using the AlCl₃ colorimetric method and expressed as mg QE/g extract (n=3). Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained by percolation (34.75%), followed by maceration (34.51%) and ultrasonication (29.45%). TPC tended to be highest in maceration (399.1182 ± 18.1711 mg GAE/g), whereas TFC tended to be highest in percolation (17.0645 ± 2.3493 mg QE/g). However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the three methods for either TPC or TFC (p>0.05). Overall, under the present conditions, the three extraction methods exhibited comparable performance in extracting phenolics and flavonoids, while differences in yield reflect variation in total extracted components; therefore, method selection may be tailored to the targeted compound priority.