Analisis Eksploitasi Tambang Nikel di Kawasan Raja Ampat Dalam Prespektif Double Movement Karl Polanyi

Abstract

The increasing global demand for nickel for the electric vehicle industry has encouraged Indonesia to implement downstream industrialization policies and expand mining activities. However, these activities have created conflicts between economic interests and environmental protection in Raja Ampat, an area with high ecological value. This study aims to analyze the commodification of nature resulting from nickel exploitation and the resistance of civil society toward the social and ecological impacts of mining activities. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach based on journals, books, government regulations, and credible media sources from 2020-2025. The analysis applies Karl Polanyi's double movement theory. The findings show that nickel exploitation in Raja Ampat represents the first movement in the form of market expansion and global capitalism through downstream industrialization and foreign investment. Meanwhile, the second movement is reflected in the resistance of civil society and environmental organizations against threats to the ecosystem. This study concludes that nickel exploitation in Raja Ampat reflects tensions between economic interests, green capitalism, and ecological justice.