Asuhan Keperawatan Ketidakstabilan Kadar Glukosa Darah (Diabetes Melitus) dengan Edukasi Penggunaan Insulin di RSUD Bangil Kabupaten Pasuruan

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Unstable blood glucose levels may cause various clinical manifestations such as weakness, fatigue, polydipsia, and polyuria, and increase the risk of complications if not properly controlled. One nursing intervention that can be provided to help control blood glucose levels is insulin use education. The purpose of this study was to describe nursing care for unstable blood glucose levels in a patient with diabetes mellitus through insulin use education. This study employed a case study design involving one patient with diabetes mellitus who experienced unstable blood glucose levels as a nursing problem. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation. Nursing interventions were implemented for three days and included insulin use education, blood glucose monitoring, monitoring of hyperglycemia signs and symptoms, provision of oral fluid intake, and collaboration in insulin therapy and other medical treatments. The results showed that the problem of unstable blood glucose levels was partially resolved, as indicated by a decrease in random blood glucose levels from 324 mg/dL to 248 mg/dL, reduced complaints of weakness and fatigue, decreased thirst and frequency of urination, improved oral mucosal hydration status, and increased ability of the patient and family to administer insulin and monitor blood glucose levels independently. The study concluded that insulin use education combined with hyperglycemia management can help improve glycemic control, reduce the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia, and enhance self-care abilities in patients with diabetes mellitus.