Karakterisasi Tanaman Padi F1 Hasil Persilangan Varietas Padi Inpari 32 dengan Padi Hitam Lokal Purwokerto

Abstract

Black rice is a functional food rich in anthocyanins that provide various health benefits. However, black rice generally has lower productivity than improved rice varieties. Hybridization between improved varieties and local black rice can be used to combine high productivity with high anthocyanin content. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and identify SSR marker polymorphism in F₁ plants derived from a cross between Inpari 32 and Purwokerto local black rice. Molecular analysis was conducted using the SSR marker RM252, while agronomic traits observed included flowering time, plant height, total and productive tiller number, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, percentage of unfilled grains, grain weight per hill, and 1,000-grain weight. Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test. Molecular analysis showed that the RM252 marker produced polymorphic DNA banding patterns between the parental lines, and all F₁ plants exhibited two DNA bands representing alleles inherited from both parents, confirming their heterozygous nature. The agronomic characteristics of the F₁ plants were generally intermediate between those of the two parents. The F₁ plants also exhibited anthocyanin content, indicating the inheritance of pigmentation traits from the Purwokerto local black rice parent. These results demonstrate that the SSR marker RM252 is polymorphic and effective for distinguishing the parental genotypes and confirming the hybrid status of the F₁ population. The obtained F₁ plants have potential as genetic resources for the development of high-yielding rice varieties with anthocyanin content.