Pengaruh Variasi Diameter Nozzle Spray Air dan Penggunaan Impraboard Terhadap Efisiensi Pendinginan Panel Surya

Abstract

Solar panels are one of the renewable energy technologies with great potential for application in Indonesia. However, an increase in panel surface temperature can reduce the performance and efficiency of electrical energy conversion. This study examines the effect of water spray nozzle diameter variation and the use of impraboard on the cooling efficiency of solar panels. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of an active cooling system using water spray and a passive cooling system using impraboard on the temperature, output power, and efficiency of solar panels, as well as to identify the most optimal nozzle diameter variation. This research employed a quasi-experimental method by comparing three treatments: a panel with a 0,8 mm nozzle and impraboard, a panel with a 0,6 mm nozzle and impraboard, and a panel without a cooling system. The experiment was conducted indoors using halogen lamps as artificial radiation sources, with data collected from 08.00 a.m. to 04.00 p.m. The observed parameters included radiation intensity, upper surface temperature, lower surface temperature, output power, efficiency, and heat transfer. The results showed that the panel using a 0,6 mm nozzle produced the best performance, reaching the highest output power of 11.86 W, maintaining the upper surface temperature within the range of 39–41°C, and achieving a peak efficiency of nearly 6%. Meanwhile, the panel without a cooling system showed the highest temperature and the lowest efficiency. Therefore, the combination of water spray and impraboard is effective in improving the thermal and electrical performance of solar panels, with the 0,6 mm nozzle being the most optimal variation.