Respon Enzim Antioksidan dan Molekuler Padi (Oryza sativa L) Lokal Rawa Merah dan Putih Dibawah cekaman rendaman secara In Vitro

Abstract

Local rice plays an important role as adaptive germplasm in swampy areas, a unique and often neglected ecosystem. One of the characteristics of swampy areas is that they experience high and prolonged waterlogging, necessitating rice varieties that are able to adapt to these conditions. This study aimed to observe the response of antioxidant and molecular enzymes in local red and white swamp rice varieties under water immersion stress for 14 days. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely variety and immersion, with 3 replications. The parameters observed included the characteristics of rice and grain of each variety, plant height, root length, total flavonoids, phenolics, and proteins in seeds and leaves of plants, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, APX, and CAT), and the expression of SK1, SK2, and SUB1A genes through PCR analysis. The results of this study indicate that local red and white swamp varieties have higher submersion tolerance than commercial varieties. This is indicated by higher plant height in submerged conditions, higher total flavonoid and phenolic content, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities such as CAT, SOD, APX, and POD. The expression of OsSUB1A-1 and OsSnorkel 2 genes, is higher in submerged conditions in several varieties such as (Local Rawa Merah, Putih, Inpara 8 and Inpari 30), it confirms that the plants apply quiescence and escape-based mechanisms in submerged conditions. These two local swamp rice varieties have superior potential as germplasm that is tolerant to submergence and candidates for the development of adaptive varieties in swampy areas and flood-prone areas.