Studi Komparasi Ekstraksi Selulosa Jerami PADI Menggunakan Metode Des (Deep Eutectic Solvent) Dan Hidrolisis Asam

Abstract

Rice straw is an abundant lignocellulosic biomass waste in Indonesia and has great potential as a cellulose source for environmentally friendly materials. However, the presence of lignin and hemicellulose in its structure makes cellulose isolation require an effective extraction method. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of cellulose extracted from rice straw using the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) method based on Choline Chloride:Lactic Acid and the sulfuric acid hydrolysis (H₂SO₄) method. The DES variations used were ratios of 10:32 and 10:38, while acid hydrolysis used concentrations of 30% and 35%. Characterization was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and the Chesson Method. FTIR results showed that both methods were able to reduce lignin and hemicellulose content without damaging the main cellulose structure. XRD analysis indicated that acid hydrolysis produced the highest crystallinity index of 69% in HA1, compared to 65% in DES1. Chesson analysis revealed that the highest cellulose content was obtained in HA2 at 76.904%, while the highest DES result was 71.892%. SEM results showed that the DES method better preserved the intact cellulose fiber morphology, while acid hydrolysis resulted in a more fragmented structure. Based on the results, the acid hydrolysis method was superior in improving cellulose purity and crystallinity, while the DES method was more selective in delignification and preserving fiber morphology.