Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Daun Senggani terhadap Kapasitas Antioksidan dengan Metode 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)

Abstract

Senggani leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and terpenoids which have potential as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the effect of different extraction methods on the yield and antioxidant capacity of ethanol extract of senggani leaves using the DPPH method. The extraction methods used were maceration, percolation, and ultrasonication with 96% ethanol as solvent. The senggani leaves were obtained from Klatakan Village, Tanggul District, Jember Regency. The dried simplicia were powdered and extracted using the three extraction methods. The obtained extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, yield determination, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method with IC₅₀ values as parameters. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by post hoc test. The results showed that extraction methods affected the yield and antioxidant capacity of senggani leaf extract. The highest yield was obtained from the percolation method at 34.75%, followed by maceration at 34.51%, and ultrasonication at 29.45%. The average IC₅₀ values of senggani leaf ethanol extract obtained by percolation, maceration, and ultrasonication methods were 30.496 µg/mL, 32.996 µg/mL, and 33.479 µg/mL, respectively. Lower IC₅₀ values indicate higher antioxidant activity; therefore, the percolation method produced the highest antioxidant capacity among all methods. In conclusion, extraction methods influence the yield and antioxidant capacity of ethanol extract of senggani leaves. The percolation method was the most effective method in producing the highest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC₅₀ value.