Studi Karakter Agronomi Pisang Mas Kirana (Musa acuminata) terhadap Faktor Lingkungan pada Sistem Monokultur dan Tumpangsari Kecamatan Senduro Kabupaten Lumajang

Abstract

Banana (Musa acuminata) is an important horticultural commodity in Indonesia, and the productivity of Mas Kirana banana is influenced by agronomic characteristics and environmental conditions under different cropping systems. This study aimed to analyze the agronomic characteristics of Mas Kirana banana in relation to environmental factors under monoculture and intercropping systems in Senduro District, Lumajang Regency. The research was conducted using a field survey on six observation plots consisting of three monoculture and three intercropping fields. Agronomic observations included plant height, pseudostem circumference, canopy width, number of healthy leaves, number of damaged leaves, number of suckers, and tallest sucker. Environmental data were obtained from NASA POWER, while cultivation practices were collected through farmer interviews. Agronomic variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Independent Sample t-test. The results showed significant differences between the two cropping systems in plant height, pseudostem circumference, number of healthy leaves, and number of damaged leaves (p < 0.05), whereas canopy width, number of suckers, and tallest sucker did not differ significantly. Intercropping promoted greater plant height and pseudostem circumference due to a more humid microclimate, while monoculture produced more healthy leaves, fewer damaged leaves, and higher potential productivity, reaching 7,659.21 kg ha⁻¹ compared with 5,450.91 kg ha⁻¹ under intercropping. Environmental conditions, particularly soil moisture, temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, and cultivation practices, contributed to the observed agronomic responses. In conclusion, the monoculture system provided higher banana productivity, whereas the intercropping system improved vegetative growth through more favorable microclimatic conditions and offered advantages in land-use efficiency and production diversification.