Dampak Sistem Tebasan pada Pendapatan Petani Padi di Desa Bangsalsari Kabupaten Jember

Abstract

The tebasan system is one of the rice harvest marketing mechanisms commonly used by farmers because it is considered more practical and capable of reducing risks during the harvesting period. In this system, rice crops are sold to harvest buyers (penebas) before the harvesting process takes place. This practice has various impacts on the economic and social conditions of farmers, particularly regarding their level of welfare. This study aims to examine the implementation mechanism of the tebasan system and analyze its impact on the welfare of rice farmers in Bangsalsari Village, Jember Regency.This study employed a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, involving rice farmers who use the tebasan system and harvest buyers as research informants. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, data validity tet and data analysis. The results show that the tebasan system is implemented through several stages, including field inspection by the harvest buyer, price negotiation, transaction agreement, payment, and harvesting by the buyer. Farmers’ decisions to use the tebasan system are driven by several factors, such as the need for quick cash, reduced harvesting costs, easier marketing of agricultural products, and efforts to minimize the risk of losses caused by weather conditions and price fluctuations. The positive impacts of the tebasan system on farmers’ welfare include income certainty, reduced farming costs and risks, and greater ease in meeting household needs. However, the system also has negative consequences, as farmers may lose the opportunity to earn higher profits when actual harvest yields exceed the initial estimates made during the transaction.Based on Max Weber’s Social Action Theory, farmers’ decisions to use the tebasan system can be categorized as instrumental rational action because they are based on considerations of efficiency, economic benefits, and risk reduction. Therefore, the tebasan system contributes to improving farmers’ welfare, although several consequences must still be considered in its implementation.