Persepsi Ibu Hamil Mengenai Preeklamsia Menggunakan Health Belief Model dengan Kepatuhan Kunjungan Pertama ANC di Kecamatan Ajung

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality and can be prevented through early detection, particularly by adherence to the first Antenatal Care (ANC) visit. Pregnant women’s perceptions of preeclampsia influence ANC adherence behavior, which can be explained using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between pregnant women’s perceptions of preeclampsia based on the HBM and adherence to the first ANC visit in Ajung District, Jember Regency. Methods: This analytic observational study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from August to December 2025. The subjects were pregnant women registered in the working area of Ajung Public Health Center who met the study criteria. Perceptions were measured using a questionnaire based on six HBM constructs. Adherence to the first ANC visit was obtained from KIA handbook records. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 81 pregnant women were included in this study. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test showed that perceived benefits was significantly associated with adherence to the first ANC visit (p =0.018, OR=3.18). Other HBM constructs, perceived susceptibility (p = 0.618), perceived severity (p = 0.172), perceived barriers (p = 0.445), self-efficacy (p = 0.709), and cues to action (p = 0.300), were not significantly associated. Multivariate logistic regression showed that perceived benefits remained significant (OR = 2.863; 95% CI = 1.028–7.976; p = 0.044). Conclusion: Perceived benefits was the only HBM construct significantly association with adherence to the first ANC visit. Strengthening pregnant women’s understanding of the benefits of ANC is essential for early detection and prevention of preeclampsia.