T H E E F F E CT O F US I NG M I CRO S O F T P O W E RP O I NT P RE S E NT AT I O N I N T E ACH I NG T E NS E S O N T H E E I G H T H G RADE S T UDE NT S ’ T E NS E ACH I E VE M E NT AT S M P NE G E RI 1 JE M B E R I N T H E 20 12 / 201 3 ACADE M I C YE A R
Abstract
L
e
a
r
ni
n
g
En
g
l
i
s
h
g
r
a
m
m
a
r
i
s
ve
r
y
i
m
por
t
a
nt
.
Ac
c
or
di
n
g
t
o
Ur
201
2
a
t
S
M
P
Ne
g
e
r
i
1
J
e
m
be
r
,
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
i
nt
e
r
vi
e
w
e
d
t
he
En
g
l
i
s
h
t
e
a
c
he
r
.
I
t
wa
s
known
t
ha
t
t
he
t
e
a
c
he
r
us
ua
l
l
y
us
e
s
a
whi
t
e
boa
r
d,
a
ha
ndbook,
pi
c
t
ur
e
s
a
nd
wor
ks
he
e
t
s
i
n
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
t
e
ns
e
s
t
o
t
he
s
t
ude
nt
s
.
I
n
ot
he
r
wo
r
d
s
,
t
he
t
e
a
c
he
r
ha
s
ne
ve
r
us
e
d
M
i
c
r
os
of
t
P
owe
r
P
oi
nt
P
r
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
on
a
s
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
m
e
di
a
i
n
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
t
e
ns
e
s
.
S
he
a
l
s
o
e
x
pl
a
i
ne
d
t
ha
t
a
whi
t
e
boa
r
d
a
nd
pi
c
t
ur
e
s
a
s
t
he
m
e
di
a
i
n
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
t
e
ns
e
s
a
c
t
ua
l
l
y
a
r
e
not
ve
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
f
or
t
he
s
t
ude
nt
s
.
The
s
t
ude
nt
s
c
a
nnot
r
e
a
l
l
y
und
e
r
s
t
a
nd
t
he
m
e
a
ni
ng
a
nd
t
he
pa
t
t
e
r
n
of
t
e
ns
e
s
whi
c
h
ha
ve
a
l
r
e
a
d
y
be
e
n
t
a
u
g
ht
.
C
ons
e
que
nt
l
y
,
t
he
y
c
oul
d
not
a
ns
we
r
t
h
e
que
s
t
i
ons
a
bout
t
e
ns
e
s
c
or
r
e
c
t
l
y
.
F
or
t
ha
t
r
e
a
s
on,
t
he
t
e
a
c
he
r
s
houl
d
c
hoos
e
t
he
a
ppr
op
r
i
a
t
e
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
m
e
di
a
t
o
m
a
ke
t
h
e
s
t
ude
nt
s
m
a
s
t
e
r
t
he
t
e
n
s
e
s
.
One
of
t
he
m
i
s
M
i
c
r
os
of
t
P
owe
r
P
oi
nt
P
r
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
on.
B
a
s
e
d
on
t
he
pr
e
l
i
m
i
na
r
y
s
t
ud
y
t
ha
t
w
a
s
c
onduc
t
e
d
on
Nove
m
be
r
,
20
The
pur
pos
e
of
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
a
s
t
o
know
whe
t
he
r
or
not
t
he
r
e
w
a
s
a
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
us
i
n
g
M
i
c
r
os
o
f
t
P
owe
r
P
oi
nt
P
r
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
on
i
n
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
t
e
ns
e
s
on
t
he
Ei
g
ht
h
Gr
a
de
S
t
ude
nt
s
’
Te
ns
e
Ac
hi
e
v
e
m
e
nt
a
t
S
M
P
Ne
g
e
r
i
1
J
e
m
be
r
i
n
t
he
x
i
v
x
i
v
t
h
2012
/
2013
Ac
a
d
e
m
i
c
Y
e
a
r
.
The
popul
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
a
s
t
he
e
i
g
ht
h
gr
a
de
s
t
ude
nt
s
of
S
M
P
Ne
g
e
r
i
1
J
e
m
be
r
,
whi
c
h
c
ons
i
s
t
e
d
of
ni
ne
c
l
a
s
s
e
s
I
n
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
qua
s
i
e
x
pe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
wi
t
h
p
os
t
t
e
s
t
onl
y
c
ont
r
ol
g
r
oup
d
e
s
i
g
n
wa
s
a
ppl
i
e
d.
F
i
r
s
t
,
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
a
dm
i
ni
s
t
e
r
e
d
t
he
hom
og
e
n
e
i
t
y
t
e
s
t
t
o
t
he
e
i
g
ht
h
g
r
a
de
s
t
ude
nt
s
a
t
S
M
P
Ne
ge
r
i
1
J
e
m
be
r
i
n
t
he
2012/
2013
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
y
e
a
r
.
The
hom
og
e
n
e
i
t
y
t
e
s
t
’
s
r
e
s
ul
t
s
howe
d
t
ha
t
t
he
popul
a
t
i
on
wa
s
hom
og
e
n
e
ous
.
The
r
e
f
or
e
,
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
t
ook
t
he
r
e
s
ponde
nt
s
b
y
l
ot
t
e
r
y
.
Af
t
e
r
t
h
a
t
,
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
g
a
ve
t
he
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
nt
,
t
he
e
x
pe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
gr
oup
The
r
e
s
ul
t
of
t
he
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
s
howe
d
t
ha
t
t
he
va
l
ue
of
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
c
ol
um
n
of
L
a
v
e
ne
’
s
t
e
s
t
wa
s
0.
000
.
I
t
wa
s
l
owe
r
t
ha
n
0.05.
C
ons
e
que
nt
l
y
,
t
he
r
ow
t
ha
t
m
us
t
b
e
r
e
a
d
w
a
s
t
he
s
e
c
ond
r
o
w
of
t
t
e
s
t
c
ol
um
n.
I
n
t
t
e
s
t
c
ol
um
n,
t
he
va
l
ue
of
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
c
ol
um
n
B
a
s
e
d
on
t
he
e
x
pl
a
na
t
i
on
a
bove
,
i
t
c
oul
d
b
e
c
onc
l
ude
d
t
h
a
t
t
he
r
e
w
a
s
a
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
us
i
n
g
M
i
c
r
os
o
f
t
P
owe
r
P
oi
nt
P
r
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
on
i
n
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
t
e
ns
e
s
on
t
he
e
i
g
ht
h
gr
a
de
s
t
ude
nt
s
’
t
e
ns
e
a
c
hi
e
ve
m
e
nt
a
t
S
M
P
Ne
ge
r
i
1
J
e
m
be
r
i
n
t
he
2012/
2013
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
y
e
a
r
.
S
o,
i
t
i
s
s
ug
ge
s
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
Eng
l
i
s
h
t
e
a
c
he
r
s
t
o
us
e
M
i
c
r
os
of
t
P
owe
r
P
oi
nt
P
r
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
on
t
o t
e
a
c
h En
g
l
i
s
h t
o t
he
s
t
ude
nt
s
, e
s
pe
c
i
a
l
l
y
t
o t
e
a
c
h
t
e
ns
e
s
.