ANALISIS KAUSALITAS ANTARA KONSENTRASI SPASIAL INDUSTRI, PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KESENJANGAN PENDAPAT

Abstract

Problem of spatial concentration of industry, economic growth and the gap is fairly classic problem for the macro economy. Spatial concentration of industry occurs naturally through the market mechanism will choose locations that are economically profitable. The impact of growth centers occur which do not occur simultaneously in all areas and at the same time. The result tends to cause the gap (the disparity) economy. Broadly speaking one's economic development is directed at three areas: (1) Equitable development and results, (2) a relatively high economic growth, and (3) The stability of steady and dynamic national (Mustopadidjaja AR, 1995:29) . The criterion of economic development is the occurrence of economic growth, ie changes in the level of economic activity that occurred from year to year. An economy is said to grow in an economic activity rate is higher than that achieved in the past (Sukirno, 1985:19). In order to achieve high economic growth, the implementation of national development and local governments should create a healthy economic climate policies for high investment can also be achieved. Indonesia's economic development has been seen to give results quite encouraging. However, in line with the success of such development, Indonesia is still facing problems related to equity, which is still a relative poverty (Tjiptoherijanto, 1995:118). Steps need to be established as outlined in the strategic planning of regional development. So local governments can choose the productive projects, create jobs, and generate multiplier effects for other sectors to the areas concerned. According to Tambunan (2001), a relatively high economic growth and sustainable process is a major prerequisite for the sustainability of economic development. Population growth will continue to happen and the economy will also mean the need is growing, and so we need additional revenue each year. In theory the existence of disparities in economic development is a necessary condition for faster economic growth, which implies that at the start of construction (to boost the growth rate) required the construction of which is concentrated in one or several areas. On the one hand, economic growth is quite high and on the other side of the disparity is quite high, this is the cause of overall economic growth is not in line with the increase in welfare, one that equitable development can not be enjoyed by all regions. According to Tambunan (2001), the factors that cause disparities between regions in Indonesia, among others, the concentration of economic activity, investment allocation, the mobility of production factors between regions, differences in natural resources (SDA), the differences between the territory geographical conditions and lack of smoothness inter-provincial trade. About a factor of less smooth trade between provinces xi can be caused by inadequate infrastructure. Besides infrastructure factors also greatly affect the performance of foreign trade (exports-imports). Developments in the construction of Jember supported by nine sectors of economic activity, but the rapid development that still leaves a very noticeable gap. Then the area must make a policy of healthy economic climate for high investment can also be achieved. Keywords: Spatial Industril, Economic Growth, Income Inequality.