Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Cabe Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl) terhadap Kuantitas dan Kualitas Spermatozoa Mencit Balb/c yang dipapar Asap Rokok

Abstract

The basic component of most cigarettes is tobacco which when burned will contain more than 4000 types of constituents including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, radioactive substances, heavy metals, and others that have a negative effect on male fertility. These male fertility problems can reduce sperm volume, sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm morphology and concentration. This is due to the increased formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and subsequent development of oxidative stress. Antioxidant intake can help reduce excessive amounts of free radicals such as the content of phenolic compounds in Java chili fruit (Piper retrofractum Vahl). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 96% ethanol extract of Java chili fruit on the quantity, quality of spermatozoa and testicular histopathology of Balb/c mice exposed to cigarette smoke. The test animals were divided into normal control group, negative control, positive control, 96% ethanol extract group of tamarind fruit at a dose of 100mg/kgBB, dose of 200mg/kgBB, and dose of 400mg/kgBB. Each test group was given exposure to cigarette smoke of one cigarette/day for 14 days. On day 15, mice were dissected to obtain testes and semen from the epididymis. All data obtained were then statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA parameter test followed by LSD post-hoc test. The administration of 96% ethanol extract of Java chili fruit with dose levels is able to improve the quality and quantity of spermatozoa due to exposure to cigarette smoke, even better when compared to the normal group. 96% ethanol extract of Java chili fruit at a dose of 400mg / kgBB has a greater protective power than the dose of 100mg / kgBB and the dose of 200mg / kgBB, which indicates the greater the amount of antioxidant compounds contained in 96% ethanol extract of Java chili fruit, the more effective it will be in improving the quality and quantity of spermatozoa. The ability of 96% ethanol extract of Java chili fruit is thought to be because Java chili fruit contains several antioxidant compounds including flavonoids and alkaloids.