Systematic Mapping Review: Senyawa Antiplasmodium "Poten" dari Bahan Alam

Abstract

An The global death rate from malaria ranges between 0.3–2.2%, in cases of severe malaria in tropical regions it ranges from 11–30%. One of the reasons is the resistance of P. falciparum to artemisinin which occurs in areas on the Thailand-Cambodia border which has the potential to spread between continents. Therefore, the search and development of potential new antiplasmodium agents needs to continue. One effort that can be made is by researching or exploring nature. Research on "potent" antiplasmodium compounds from nature is documented through this literature review using the Systematic Mapping Review method with the aim of examining and labeling potent antiplasmodium compounds from nature based on their general description and type of compound. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of drugs, especially antiplasmodium which are derived from nature and become a reference for further research in the future regarding the use of natural ingredients as antiplasmodium. Data was obtained from 46 literature searches on Pubmed and Scifider. There are 41 genera with 44 species that produce strong antiplasmodium compounds contained in 25 sub-classes of compounds. The discovery of many potent antiplasmodium compounds was carried out in Queensland, Australia, with 10 compounds, all of which came from marine sources, and 9 compounds in Thailand, 80% of which came from the Brucea javanica (Simaroubaceae) plant. Based on the results of literature analysis, a total of 84 potent antiplasmodium compounds were found, with 60 compounds originating from plants and 24 compounds originating from the sea. All of these compounds have an IC50 value ≤ 200 nM which are embedded into 5 compound groups, namely alkaloids with 43 compounds (51.2%), terpenes with 24 compounds (28.6%), peptide and quinone derivatives with 7 compounds each (7, 1 %), as well as 5 flavonoid compounds (6.0%).