Induksi Poliploid Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L.) Menggunakan Bio-catharanthine

Abstract

Public demand for functional foods, especially black rice (Oryza sativa L.) is increasing. However, the character of black rice plants including Jeliteng, which is a superior variety, is still considered unfavorable so that farmers' interest in black rice cultivation is low. Therefore, improvement of plant characters was carried out through polyploid induction using the natural anti-mitotic compound bio- catharanthine. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of bio- catharanthine in inducing polyploidy in Jeliteng black rice. This study used a two- factor completely randomized design (CRD) method with three replications. The treatment factor of bio-catharanthine concentration was 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% with the treatment factor of soaking time of 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The research variables observed included germination, stomatal length and width, stomatal density, and plant ploidy level. The results showed that the combination of polyploid induction treatments in the form of bio-catharanthine concentration and soaking time in the study could not induce polyploidy of black rice variety Jeliteng but was able to affect the increase in germination power, increase in stomatal size, and decrease in stomatal density. Bio-catharanthine concentration of 0.3% for 48 hours is the most effective to increase the percentage of germination power. Bio-catharanthine concentration of 0.2% for 24 hours, 0.2% for 48 hours, and 0.5% for 48 hours can increase the size and decrease the density of stomata.