A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON BROTHERS GRIMM’S HANSEL AND GRETEL

Abstract

A language used in spoken or written form has a semantical property that makes it unified and meaningful text. In getting coherence, one element and other elements in a text should be organized and related in a logical way. An important contribution to coherence comes from cohesion. Cohesion refers to grammatical and lexical cohesion. In this thesis, the discussion is not only concerned with the grammatical cohesion but also lexical cohesion. Grammatical cohesion is presented in reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. Meanwhile, lexical cohesion is presented by repetition, synonym, antonym, hyponym, cohyponym, meronym, comeronym, and collocation. The analysis of grammatical and lexical cohesive devices is focused on the children short story, it is hoped that this children short story will be read and understood easily by using descriptive method. This thesis uses library research which the source and data taken from written text, such as books, magazines, newspapers, ect. The result of research is presented by diagram. The result of grammatical cohesion is personal reference (130 items), demonstrative reference (77 items), comparative reference (4 items), verbal ellipsis (2 items), nominal ellipsis (18 items), clausal ellipsis (7 items), verbal substitution (2 items), nominal substitution (2 items), clausal substitution (2 items), additive conjunction (35 items), adversative conjunction (8 items), temporal conjunction (25 items), causal conjunction (6 items), and conditional conjunction (3 items). While the result of lexical cohesion is repetition (51 items), synonym (49 items), antonym (20 items), hyponym (7 items), cohyponym (13 items), meronym (3 items), comeronym (3 items), and collocation (7 items). The analysis shows that the children short story entitled Hansel and Gretel is a coherence text. It is proved by the contonuity that is established by the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices. They join one element and others in the text to make the elements related in a logical way.