Analisis Korelasi Riwayat Obstetri dan Status Gizi Ibu Hamil dengan Seroprevalensi (IgM) Toksoplasmosis

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is an intracellular protozoan parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect humans through various routes, including transplacental transmission. Toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women is often asymptomatic but can infect and disrupt fetal growth. Fetuses infected with toxoplasmosis may experience low birth weight (LBW) or even death. The nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy can be a risk factor for toxoplasmosis infection, potentially affecting the obstetric condition of the mother. Early detection and timely treatment can reduce the severity of infection in the fetus. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Laboratory examinations were conducted from July 2024 to December 2024 in Jember Regency and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember. The study population consisted of 61 pregnant women, pregnant women with a history of poor obstetrics as many as 17, and those with poor nutrition as many as 23 subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS to see the relationship between the history of bad obstetrics and the nutritional status of pregnant women. Based on the analysis, 57.4% of pregnant women tested positive, and 11.5% had borderline results for Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibodies. Bivariate analysis of obstetric history with toxoplasmosis infection showed a significant association between the variables of poor obstetric history and history of abortion (p=0.036). However, nutritional status did not show a significant association with toxoplasmosis infection. This study concluded that poor obstetric history and history of abortion can affect toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women. Future research is recommended to investigate environmental factors (hygiene), dietary history, and pet ownership to identify other factors that could potentially affect the prevalence of toxoplasmosis. Recommendations for the government are to pay greater attention to toxoplasmosis infection, especially in vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, to reduce the risk of infection in the fetus.