Efek Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) terhadap Jumlah Fibroblas Ligamen Periodontal pada Tikus Model Ortodonti

Abstract

Introduction: Orthodontic tooth movement triggers an inflammatory response that increases the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) due to mechanical stress, interaction between metal components and saliva, and plaque accumulation. ROS accumulation that is not balanced by adequate antioxidants causes oxidative stress, which inhibits the proliferation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, thereby risking interference with the tissue remodeling process. Therefore, natural materials with antioxidant capabilities are required, one of which is red betel leaf, containing flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, which are thought to be able to neutralize free radicals and increase the number of periodontal ligament fibroblasts to support the success of orthodontic treatment. Methods: This laboratory experiment was carried out using 30 Wistar rats divided into six groups: Group A, B, and C as controls (7, 14, and 21 days), and Group D, E, and F as treatment groups (7, 14, and 21 days). While control groups received only orthodontic appliances, treatment groups were also given red betel leaf extract. Maxillary first molars were moved mesially using NiTi closed coil springs to apply mechanical force. Following euthanasia, periodontal ligament tissues from the tension area were processed with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Finally, fibroblast counts were quantified using a binocular light microscope for subsequent data analysis. Result: The mean of fibroblast counts significantly increased in the extract-treated groups compared to the control groups, with the Tukey HSD testing confirming significant differences across groups (p≤0,05). Conclusion: Red betel leaf extract significantly increases the number of periodontal ligament fibroblasts in a rat model of orthodontic tooth movement.