Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Aktivitas Penghambatan Enzim Α -Amilase dan Lipase Daun Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.)

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus and obesity are major global health problems associated with impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different extraction methods on the inhibitory activity of Melastoma malabathricum leaf extract against α-amylase and lipase enzymes in vitro and to determine the optimal extraction method for obtaining the best biological activity. Ethanolic extracts of M. malabathricum leaves were prepared using percolation, maceration, and ultrasonication methods. The inhibitory activity against α-amylase was assessed using the dinitrosalicylic acid method, while lipase inhibitory activity was determined using the p-nitrophenyl butyrate substrate method. Inhibitory potency was expressed as IC₅₀ values and analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test. The results showed that extraction methods did not significantly affect α-amylase inhibitory activity, although percolation produced the lowest IC₅₀ value (339,97 ± 60,50 µg/mL), followed by maceration (351,39 ± 50,14 µg/mL) and ultrasonication (405,46 ± 33,85 µg/mL). In contrast, extraction methods significantly influenced lipase inhibitory activity, where percolation exhibited the strongest inhibition with the lowest IC₅₀ value (481,12 ± 23,84 µg/mL), significantly different from maceration (542,03 ± 8,85 µg/mL) and ultrasonication (577,92 ± 9,73 µg/mL). These findings indicate that percolation is the most optimal extraction method, particularly for enhancing lipase inhibitory activity. In conclusion, M. malabathricum leaves demonstrate potential as a natural source of antidiabetic and anti-obesity agents through α-amylase and lipase inhibition.