Alih Fungsi Lahan Cengkeh di Kecamatan Wonosalam Tahun 1998-2012

Abstract

This study examines the conversion of clove plantation land in Wonosalam District from 1998 to 2012. The research was motivated by the decline in clove plantation areas since 1998, which led to changes in land use patterns and agricultural commodity development in Wonosalam. Before being widely recognized as a durian-producing area, Wonosalam was closely associated with cloves, which played an important role in the local economy. This study aims to identify the factors behind the conversion of clove plantation land in Wonosalam District between 1998 and 2012 and to explain the differences in land use before and after the conversion process. This research employs the historical method, consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The data were collected from archival records, statistical data, newspapers, previous studies, and interviews with farmers and local residents in Wonosalam District. The analysis is based on land conversion theory, which explains that changes in land use are generally influenced by policy, economic, and social factors. The findings show that the conversion of clove plantation land in Wonosalam District from 1998 to 2012. The findings show that the conversion of clove plantation land in Wonosalam occurred in two distinct periods with different characteristics. During the period of 1998–1999 and the early 2000s, land conversion was influenced by the failure of the clove marketing system, which caused price instability and reduced farmers’ income. After the recovery of clove plantations, the emergence of a plant disease that caused widespread tree mortality encouraged farmers to develop alternative commodities such as durian, coffee, mangosteen, and avocado. This study concludes that the factors driving land conversion in Wonosalam shifted from policy-related factors to social factors, particularly the declining confidence of farmers in the sustainability of clove cultivation. These changes not only affected land use patterns but also contributed to the emergence of durian as a new leading commodity in Wonosalam District