Estimasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja (IPLT) Lempeni Kabupaten Lumajang

Abstract

Every type of wastewater treatment inevitably produces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Domestic wastewater treatment at the Lempeni Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) is carried out through two processes: anaerobic and aerobic. This study analyzes GHG emissions based on three parameters—CH₄, N₂O, and CO₂—at the FSTP, as well as emission scenarios related to community sanitation. The GHG emission estimation method for the FSTP and sanitation scenarios refers to the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 5, Chapter 6. The level of calculation accuracy used in this study falls under Tier 1 and Tier 2. The estimated GHG emissions resulting from biological wastewater treatment processes and electricity consumption at the FSTP from 2020 to 2024 are 3.52, 3.69, 4.78, 6.92, and 8.46 tons CO₂eq per year, respectively. The significant increase in emissions is attributed to the expanding service coverage of the FSTP. Scenario 1 indicates that the FSTP contributes to 0.26% of the total GHG emissions from sanitation. Scenarios 2 and 3 show an increase in GHG emissions from the FSTP by 15-fold and 100-fold, respectively, compared to the existing condition. A reduction of 45.15% in emissions from septic tank-based sanitation is observed in Scenario 3. Potential GHG mitigation alternatives at the FSTP include methane recovery in anaerobic units, regular monitoring of sludge accumulation in treatment ponds, and the application of modern technologies to reduce N₂O emissions.