Stres Kerja pada Petani: Tinjauan Literatur tentang Faktor Resiko, Faktor Protektif, Dampak, dan Strategi Penanganan

Abstract

Farmers are among the occupational groups most vulnerable to work-related stress due to exposure to various economic, environmental, physical, and social stressors. Poorly managed occupational stress may adversely affect farmers' mental health, quality of life, and work productivity. Therefore, synthesizing current scientific evidence is essential to provide a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors, protective factors, impacts, and management strategies associated with occupational stress among farmers. Based on the result of study findings revealed that the primary risk factors for occupational stress among farmers include financial pressure, climate change, excessive workload, agricultural bureaucracy and policies, social isolation, and individual characteristics. Financial pressure emerged as the most dominant risk factor across the included studies. The most consistently reported protective factors were social support, followed by family support, resilience, adaptive coping strategies, access to mental health services, and support from communities and agricultural institutions. Occupational stress was associated with various adverse outcomes, including depression, anxiety, burnout, psychological distress, sleep disturbances, reduced quality of life, impaired social relationships, and decreased work productivity. Recommended management strategies included strengthening social support networks, enhancing resilience and adaptive coping skills, providing mental health education, improving access to mental health services, and implementing agricultural policies that promote farmers' well-being.