Konflik Agrarian di Desa Pakel Kecamatan Licin Kabupaten Banyuwangi 1999-2023

Abstract

Agrarian conflict is a global issue that also occurs frequently in Indonesia. Land has a strategic value because of its important economic and social role, so it is often a source of dispute. Banyuwangi Regency, with its rich natural resources and strategic geographical location, is one of the areas prone to agrarian conflict. These conflicts date back to the Dutch colonial era, when land in Blambangan was exploited for plantations, and the forced cultivation system caused suffering to the people. Private plantations such as N.V. Cultuur Maatschappij Pacouda emerged, claiming land previously managed by residents, sparking conflicts that continued into the independence era. In 1929, Pakel residents obtained permission to clear land, but this was opposed by the Dutch East Indies Forestry Service. The purpose of this research is to analyze the causes of the conflict between Pakel villagers and PT Bumi Sari, and to trace the process of the farmers' protest movement. In addition, this research also aims to identify the conflict resolution process and examine the social, economic and environmental impacts of the dispute. This research uses the historical method to analyze these events by tracing past documents and facts. This research shows that the agrarian conflict in Pakel Village began with the struggle of residents who managed the land since the Dutch colonial era. In 1929, residents obtained the right to clear 3,000 hectares of land through the “1929 Deed,” but after independence, claims to the land were contested by PT Bumi Sari and Perhutani, despite legal evidence supporting residents' claims. This conflict reflects Pakel residents' determination to defend their land rights, despite intimidation, violence and unilateral claims. Settlement efforts through Agrarian Reform and the TORA program have not been successful, while social, economic and environmental impacts are felt by residents, with women taking the lead role in the family and ecosystem damage due to overlapping land claims.