Uji Karakteristik Minyak Hasil Pirolisis Berbahan Baku Limbah Plastik Polypropylene (PP)

Abstract

The increasing amount of polypropylene (PP) plastic waste has become an environmental issue that requires attention due to its non-biodegradable nature. This study aims to determine the effect of varying pyrolysis temperatures on the oil volume, density, calorific value, and functional groups of the oil produced from the pyrolysis of PP plastic waste. The pyrolysis process was conducted at temperatures of 260°C, 300°C, and 350°C for 120 minutes using 300 grams of PP plastic. The results showed that increasing the pyrolysis temperature increased the volume of oil produced, with average volumes of 150 mL, 215 mL, and 255 mL, respectively. The oil density ranged from 807 to 816 kg/m³, while the calorific value ranged from 43,19 MJ/kg to 45,62 MJ/kg. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbon functional groups dominated by alkanes and alkenes. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that temperature variations had a significant effect on the volume of oil produced but did not significantly affect density or calorific value. The optimum pyrolysis temperature was reached at 350°C, yield the highest oil volume of 255 mL and a density of 807 kg/m3. The calorific value at 350°C at 43,19 MJ/kg, is lower than that at 260°C which is 45,62 MJ/kg, but it still falls within the range typical of liquid fuels. A temperature of 350°C is the optimal condition for producing polypropylene pyrolysis oil with the best characteristics based on the physical properties of volume and density. This study demonstrates that PP plastic waste has the potential to be utilized as an alternative fuel through the pyrolysis process.