Rasionalitas Driver Mobil Online dalam Memilih Kerja di Tengah Kemacetan dan Kontrol Algoritma

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of work pressures experienced by independent online car drivers in the urban area of Jember Regency using an ethnographic approach. As part of the gig economy, this job is often campaigned to offer time flexibility, but in reality, it is besieged by pressures emanating from urban spatial constraints and technological surveillance. Based on Max Weber's Social Action theory and Guy Standing’s concept of the Precariat, this research analyzes how work pressures are structurally produced through field experiences with the drivers. The results indicate that traffic congestion—particularly in the "Campus Golden Triangle" corridor and Jember's economic centers—acts as an external structural barrier that triggers constant time pressure, chronic frustration, financial anxiety, and emotional burnout. On the other hand, platform algorithmic control forces a coerced voluntary compliance and self-exploitation to maintain account reputation amidst a volatile local market. Nevertheless, drivers develop small-scale cultural adaptation agencies through the application of local spatial rationality (shortcuts and off-bid tactics), organic social solidarity via informal communities as a social support system, and tactical gratitude as a psychological safety valve.