Korelasi antara Interaksi Ayah—Anak dan Perkembangan Personal Sosial Anak Usia Dini di TK ABA II Jember

Abstract

Introduction: Father’s involvement in childcare is considered low, which may result in children growing up with limited or even absent of father’s role (fatherless). This condition may be attributed to divorce, mortality, and work-related long-distance. Following the first 1.000 days of life, named as golden period, children in a critical developmental stage between the ages of 3 and 6 years, characterized by significant changes that shape both the child’s personal identity and their patterns of social interaction with the environment. Objective: This research aims to determine the correlation between father-child interaction and personal social development of early childhood at 'Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal II Kindergarten, Jember. Method: This study was an analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. Primary data were collected using Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Preschool Revision (APQ-PR) for father-child interaction and Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) for early childhood personal social development. A consecutive sampling technique was applied, resulting in 50 eligible samples. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s Rho test for bivariate analysis. Result: In the category of moderate father–child interaction, children’s personal social development was predominantly classified as lower (5 persons; 10%) and higher (1 persons; 2%). In contrast, within the high father–child interaction category, children’s personal social development was more frequently distributed across lower (8 persons; 16%), normal (23 persons; 46%), and higher (13 persons; 26%) levels. Based on bivariate analysis using Spearman’s Rho, father-child interaction and early childhood personal social development (sig. 2 tailed = 0,015) showed a positive correlation with a correlation coefficient = 0,342, indicating low correlation among them. Conclusion: Father-child interactions are positively correlated with children's personal social development. However, the low correlation indicates that father-child interactions in this study may be influenced by other factors. These findings may serve as a basis for future research to explore more specific father involvement in childcare and its impact on children's personal social development. Keywords: father-child interaction, personal social development; early childhood