PARIWISATA LUMAJANG PADA MASA KOLONIAL HINDIA-BELANDA (1910-1942)

Abstract

The establishment of the Vereeniging Toeristenverkeer (VTV) in 1908 marked the inception of modern tourism in the Dutch East Indies. During the period of 1910–1942, various publications, including newspapers, magazines, travelogues, and guidebooks, emerged to provide comprehensive information regarding travel activities in Lumajang, ranging from destination recommendations and logistical details to personal travel narratives. This study aims to analyze the factors behind Lumajang‟s emergence as a tourist destination, the progression of its attractions, and the socio-economic and socio-culture impacts of colonial tourism between 1910 and 1942. Employing the historical research method (heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography) alongside a sociological approach to tourism, this research utilizes Butler‟s Destination Area Life Cycle Theory and Jackson‟s Theory. The findings indicate that tourism in Lumajang evolved through two distinct phases: the Exploration Stage (1910–1930) and the Involvement Stage (1920–1942). Tourism activities primarily revolved around nature-based recreation, such as visiting water-based sites like Badplaats Selokambang and Ranu Klakah, as well as mountaineering expeditions to Mount Semeru and Mount Lamongan. The development was driven by administrative shifts, favorable geographical conditions, the development of transportation infrastructure, the availability of accommodations and supporting facilities, as well as the characteristics and conditions of the Lumajang population.. The emergence of these tourism activities resulted in limited socioeconomic and socio-cultural impacts, including changes in the spatial structure and functions of natural attractions such as Badplaats Selokambang, Ranu Klakah, and the climbing areas of Mount Semeru and Mount Lamongan. Furthermore, tourism in Lumajang stimulated the growth of small-scale supporting economic activities, such as porter services, guides, accommodations, and recreational facilities, involving Europeans and the indigenous population (Tenggerese, Javanese, and Madurese communities), while ensuring the sustainable development of these tourist sites in the post-independence era.