Pengaruh Diabetes Health Education dengan Pendekatan Patient-Centered Care Berbasis Self-Efficacy terhadap Aktivitas Fisik Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSD dr. Soebandi Jember

Abstract

Physical activity is an essential component of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self- management; however, many patients still fail to achieve the recommended level of physical activity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Diabetes Health Education (DHE) using a self-efficacy-based Patient-Centered Care (PCC) approach on physical activity among patients with T2DM at RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The study was conducted from 6 to 29 May 2026 among hospitalized patients with T2DM at RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. A total of 48 participants were recruited using consecutive sampling. The intervention group received DHE with a self-efficacy-based PCC approach (n = 24), while the control group received standard care (n = 24). Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Mann–Whitney U Test. The median physical activity score in the intervention group increased from 215.5 to 573.5 MET- minutes/week, whereas the control group decreased from 395.5 to 272.0 MET- minutes/week. Wilcoxon analysis showed no significant difference between pretest and posttest scores in either the intervention group (p = 0.054) or the control group (p = 0.601). However, Mann–Whitney analysis revealed a significant difference in physical activity changes between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.027). DHE using a self-efficacy-based PCC approach was effective in improving physical activity outcomes among patients with T2DM and may be considered a nursing intervention to support diabetes self-management. Future studies are recommended to involve larger samples and longer follow-up periods to evaluate the sustainability of intervention effects.