Analisis Karakteristik Pengisian dan Pengosongan Baterai Menggunakan Sumber Listrik Tenaga Surya Untuk Pemompaan Air Irigasi

Abstract

This study examines the charging and discharging characteristics of batteries powered by solar energy for irrigation water pumping. Batteries serve as energy storage devices; therefore, understanding their charging and discharging characteristics is essential to ensure optimal system performance. The objective of this study is to determine the power storage characteristics of a 12 V 100 Ah VRLA battery during charging without discharge, charging with discharge via a water pump, and battery discharge to power the water pump. The research method used was an experimental approach involving direct measurements on a solar power system consisting of solar panels, a Solar Charge Controller (SCC), a 12 V 100 Ah VRLA battery, an inverter, and a water pump as the load. Data collection was performed under three operating conditions: charging without discharge, charging with discharge via a water pump, and discharging the battery to power the water pump. The measured parameters included current, voltage, and power in the PV system. The measurement data was then used to calculate changes in ΔAH and SOC to analyze the battery’s energy storage and discharge characteristics. The results showed that under charging without discharge conditions, the SOC value increased gradually at a rate influenced by solar intensity, resulting in a non-constant charging current. Under charging-and-discharging conditions, the discharge current exceeds the charge current, causing a continuous decrease in SOC because the energy entering the battery is less than the energy consumed by the load. Meanwhile, under discharging-only conditions, both SOC and battery voltage decrease consistently due to energy consumption by the load. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that battery characteristics are significantly influenced by the balance between energy input and energy output. Managing the battery discharge limit to 70% is necessary to maintain the service life and performance of the PV system