Pengaruh Biosaka dan Pupuk Majemuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.) serta Pemanfaatannya sebagai Leaflet

Abstract

Red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important horticultural crop whose productivity in East Java has fluctuated due to pest attacks and inefficient fertilizer use. The combination of biosaka, a natural elicitor, and NPK compound fertilizer offers a potential strategy to improve crop performance while supporting sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to determine the effects of biosaka and NPK compound fertilizer on the growth and yield of red chili pepper, identify the optimum treatment combination, and develop a valid leaflet as a medium for disseminating research findings. An experimental study was conducted at the Agrotechnopark Greenhouse of the University of Jember using a two-factor factorial Completely Randomized Design with four biosaka concentrations and four NPK Phonska fertilizer doses. A total of 144 plants were used as experimental units. Data were collected through growth and yield observations and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Leaflet feasibility was evaluated through expert and user validation. The results showed that biosaka and NPK Phonska fertilizer significantly affected plant growth and yield and exhibited significant interaction effects. The best treatment was the combination of 6 mL L⁻¹ biosaka and 6 g plant⁻¹ NPK Phonska fertilizer (B2P2), producing a plant height of 72.10 cm, 73.96 leaves, stem diameter of 7.73 mm, 29.03 flowers, 29.06 fruits, fruit weight of 295.63 g, and a harvest index of 91.36%. The developed leaflet achieved an average validation score of 85.3%, indicating that it was valid for use. The B2P2 treatment is the optimum combination for enhancing red chili pepper growth and yield, while the leaflet is suitable as an information medium for farmers and the wider community.