Analisis Potensi Bioakumulator Konsorsium Bakteri Rhizosfer pada Kontaminan Logam Berat Cu pada Tanaman Padi

Abstract

Rice plants are staple food crops commonly consumed by many Indonesian people. Rice plants are resistant to heavy metal levels in the soil, but heavy metals absorbed by the roots of rice plants will accumulate in rice grains and if consumed continuously by humans will certainly cause health problems for humans. This is even more serious when looking at the condition of Indonesian rice fields that are contaminated with heavy metals due to the use of pesticides and metal-based fertilizers. One of the heavy metals that is abundant in the soil and is a source of contamination and health problems for humans is the heavy metal Cu. Copper (Cu) heavy metal is an essential metal for living things, but excessive levels certainly have a bad impact and can interfere with the body's metabolism. This metal contamination problem requires handling and prevention efforts. These efforts are expected to reduce the impact of heavy metal contamination. Efforts that can be made to reduce the occurrence of contamination caused by the presence of heavy metals in the form of Copper (Cu) are by using bioremediation techniques using Rhizosphere bacteria. Rhizosphere bacteria can be used as bioremediation agents because the use of bacteria is more profitable because it is more cost-effective and also more effective in reducing heavy metal contamination compared to using chemical and physical techniques. In addition, a consortium or unit of rhizosphere bacteria can also add nutrients to rice plants. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of rhizosphere bacteria in reducing heavy metal Cu (Copper) and increasing the growth of contaminated rice plants. The experiment was conducted in February 2023 - completed and took place at the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember and Copper (Cu) metal analysis was carried out at CDAST, University of Jember. The research experiment used a 1-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The observed observation variables were plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, total chlorophyll content, ROS content, and Cu heavy metal levels. The experimental data were analyzed using (ANOVA). The results of the experiment showed that the administration of bacterial consortium to plants contaminated with copper heavy metals was able to reduce copper (Cu) heavy metal levels by 42% in rice plants. This occurred in treatment A2, namely by administering a bacterial consortium at a dose of 2 mg/L. The administration of bacterial consortium to copper heavy metal contamination in rice plants did not significantly affect plant height parameters. However, it was able to increase several variables in the form of root length by 37%, fresh weight by 49%, dry weight by 41%, and chlorophyll content by 23% in plants contaminated with heavy metals.