Uji Aktivitas Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Kopi Robusta terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) pada Mencit yang Diinduksi Streptozotosin

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and plays a role in increasing oxidative stress through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress causes lipid peroxidation characterized by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Robusta coffee leaves (Coffea canephora) are known to contain bioactive compounds, flavonoids, and polyphenols that have the potential to be antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of robusta coffee leaves on blood plasma and pancreatic MDA levels in streptozotosin-induced diabetic mice, as well as identify active compounds through an in silico approach. This study used an experimental post-test only control design with male mice of the BALB/c strain as test animals. The animals were divided into six groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control, and three treatment groups of ethyl acetate fraction of robusta coffee leaves at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBB. Diabetes was induced using streptozotosin at a dose of 120 mg/kgBB. Blood plasma and pancreatic MDA levels were measured using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method. In silico analysis includes toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and molecular docking of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of robusta coffee leaves at a dose of 100 mg/kgBB significantly reduced plasma MDA levels without increasing pancreatic MDA levels. In contrast, a dose of 400 mg/kgBB significantly increased pancreatic MDA levels indicating a toxic effect. In silico analysis showed that quersetin and isoflavones have a good binding affinity for antioxidant enzymes. It was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of robusta coffee leaves at a dose of 100 mg/kgBB has the potential to reduce oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.