Penerapan Metode Hirarc Dalam Upaya Mitigasi Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Kapal Penyelamat SAR Pelabuhan Benoa

Abstract

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a critical aspect of high-risk maritime operations, particularly for Search and Rescue (SAR) vessels that must remain operationally ready under demanding conditions. This study aims to identify workplace hazards, assess the level of risk, and recommend appropriate risk control measures on board KN SAR Arjuna 229, operating at Pelabuhan Benoa, Bali, using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving 18 crew members from the deck, engine room, navigation, and galley departments, combined with a quantitative Likelihood and Severity scale for risk scoring. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, questionnaires, and review of company documents, standard operating procedures, and applicable safety regulations. The analysis was conducted using a Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve (DMAI) framework to systematically structure the identification, assessment, and control recommendation process. The results identified 47 hazards across four operational areas, comprising 23 hazards during vessel operation and 24 hazards during non-operational activities. Risk assessment showed that the engine room recorded the highest number of hazards, followed by the deck area, bridge, and galley. Overall, 37 hazards (78.7%) were categorized as low risk, 10 hazards (21.3%) as medium risk, and no hazards fell into the high or extreme risk category. The most significant hazards, such as the snap-back zone during mooring operations and miscommunication during engine start-up, were associated with catastrophic severity despite low likelihood. Risk control recommendations were formulated based on the hierarchy of controls, ranging from elimination and substitution to engineering controls, administrative measures, and personal protective equipment. This study is expected to serve as a reference for improving safety procedures and strengthening the OSH culture on SAR rescue vessels.