Analisis Perilaku Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara pada Perempuan Berdasarkan Protection Motivation Theory di Kabupaten Jember

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Early detection through Breast Self-Examination (BSE/SADARI), Clinical Breast Examination (CBE/SADANIS), and mammography has been recognized as an effective strategy for improving treatment outcomes and reducing mortality. However, participation in breast cancer screening programs in Indonesia has remained low. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) has been widely used to explain protective health behaviors through threat appraisal and coping appraisal processes. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze breast cancer early detection behavior among women in Jember based on PMT. Methods: A quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 200 productive-age women in Jember selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring sociodemographic factors, threat appraisal, coping appraisal, coping mechanisms, protection motivation, and breast cancer early detection behavior. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Results: Sociodemographic factors significantly influenced coping (β = 0.287; p = 0.003) and early detection behavior (β = 0.191; p = 0.035), both directly and indirectly through coping and PMT. Threat appraisal showed no significant effect on coping or early detection behavior (p > 0.05). Coping appraisal significantly influenced coping (β = 0.288; p = 0.001) but did not directly affect early detection behavior. However, coping appraisal indirectly influenced early detection behavior through coping and PMT (β = 0.015; p = 0.023). Coping significantly influenced PMT (β = 0.214; p = 0.035), while PMT significantly affected early detection behavior (β = 0.248; p = 0.012) Conclusion: PMT provided a comprehensive framework for explaining breast cancer early detection behavior among women. Sociodemographic factors, coping appraisal, coping mechanisms, and protection motivation were identified as significant determinants of early detection behavior, highlighting the importance of theory-based health promotion interventions to improve participation in breast cancer screening programs.