Kinerja Modifikasi Permukaan Membran Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Dengan ZIF-8 dan Variasi Konsentrasi PVA untuk Peningkatan Fluks dan Penurunan Turbiditas

Abstract

Turbidity remains a major water quality issue in Indonesia, exemplified by the Bedadung River in Jember Regency, which far exceeds the Permenkes No. 2 of 2023 standard (<3 NTU). PVDF microfiltration membranes offer a potential solution, but their hydrophobic nature causes fouling and flux decline. This study modified PVDF membrane surfaces via dip-coating with ZIF-8 (0.2%) and varying PVA concentrations (0.1%, 1%, 2%) and dip-coating times (5, 10, 15 minutes) to evaluate their effects on flux and turbidity removal from 50 NTU standard raw water. The best flux was achieved by variation V2P1 (1% PVA, 5 minutes) at 3747 Lm⁻²h⁻¹, a significant increase from pristine PVDF (362 Lm⁻²h⁻¹). SEM-EDX confirmed successful PVA/ZIF-8 deposition through the appearance of Zn, while WCA showed a contact angle decrease from 84.57° to 65.33–77.45°. ART ANOVA revealed significant effects of PVA concentration (p=0.0069) and dip-coating time (p=0.0286), with a highly significant interaction (p=0.0007). The best turbidity removal was achieved by variation V1P2 (0.1% PVA, 10 minutes) at 97.4% (1.3 NTU), meeting the Permenkes standard. PVA/ZIF-8 modification effectively improved both flux performance and turbidity removal, with optimal PVA concentration and dip-coating time being mutually dependent.