Profil Senyawa Volatil Minyak Atsiri dari Tiga Bagian Tumbuhan Kapulaga Serta Kaitannya dengan Aktivitas Antioksidan

Abstract

Cardamom (Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton) is a spice commonly found in Indonesia and can be exported in the form of dried fruit and essential oil, but in Indonesia only dried fruit is exported. Cardamom essential oil can be obtained from the seeds, fruit skin, and leaves using the hydrodistillation method. Cardamom essential oil contains various secondary metabolite compounds that can act as natural antioxidants. Natural antioxidants are being widely studied because they have a low level of toxicity compared to synthetic antioxidants that can cause carcinogenic effects. The antioxidant activity of cardamom essential oil was carried out using the DPPH method. The content of secondary metabolites was determined quantitatively using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Cardamom essential oil has a yellow to colorless and has a eucalyptus oil-like aroma because it is dominated by the compound 1,8 cineole. Antioxidant activity is classified as very weak because the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids is very weak. The best antioxidant activity is the leaf essential oil with an IC50 value of 41,686. The highest phenolic and flavonoid content is in the essential oil of cardamom fruit peel with values of 0.814 mg GAE/g oil and 0.298 QE/g oil, respectively. Although the phenolic and flavonoid content in the essential oil of the fruit peel is high, its antioxidant activity is lower than that of the essential oil of the leaf part. The essential oil of the leaf part contains the major compound neo-alloosimena which is a terpenoid with conjugated double bonds that can reduce free radicals. The correlation between IC50 with total phenolic and flavonoid content is negatively correlated, while with terpenoid content is positively correlated in the essential oil of the seed and fruit peel. The antioxidant correlation in the essential oil of the leaf is all negatively correlated.