Analisis Morfologi dan Ukuran Sel Porphyromonas gingivalis Pascapaparan Hydrogel Dressing Berbasis Karagenan Alga Merah Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Gracilaria

Abstract

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis is an obligate anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium that plays a role in the development of periodontal disease. The management of periodontal disease includes a surgical treatments, which require periodontal dressings to cover and protect injured tissues. The modern periodontal dressings currently being widely developed are hydrogel dressings that can keep the wound moist. One of the hydrogel dressing materials based on natural polymers, namely carrageenan, is commonly found in red algae, especially the species K. Alvarezii and Gracilaria. Kappa-carrageenan, contains sulfate groups that can create acidic conditions, disrupting the pH balance and metabolism of bacterial cells. This interferes with peptidoglycan formation in the cell wall, leading to changes in bacterial morphology and cell size. Aim: to analyze the morphology and cell size of P. gingivalis after exposure to red algae carageenan-based hydrogel dressing. Methods: experimental laboratory research type with 4 samples which were divided into: negative control (aquadest), positive control (chlorhexidine 0,2%), and two treatment groups (kappa-carrageenan hydrogel dressing of red algae K. alvarezii (P1) and kappa-carrageenan hydrogel dressing of red algae Gracilaria (P2)). The bacterial morphology and cell size of P. gingivalis after exposure to a red algae carageenan-based hydrogel dressing was assessed through 2 stages: a bacterial sensitivity test and a bacterial morphology test. Results: the negative control group showed no changes in bacterial morphology and cell size. However, the positive control group and the treatment groups (P1 and P2) showed changes in cell morphology, characterized by a shift from rod-shaped to oval cells, and changes in cell size. Conclusion: A red algae-based carrageenan hydrogel dressing caused changes in the bacterial morphology and cell size of P. gingivalis.