Produksi Nanocellulose dari Kertas Bekas Menggunakan Kombinasi Metode Hidrolisis Asam Asetat dan Ultrasonikas

Abstract

Waste paper is one type of waste that is generated in relatively large quantities and has not been optimally utilized. The cellulose content in waste paper can be used as a raw material for nanocellulose production. This study aimed to investigate the combination of acetic acid hydrolysis and ultrasound in producing nanocellulose from waste paper. The nanocellulose production process consisted of several stages, namely pre-treatment, acetic acid hydrolysis for 90 and 120 min, and ultrasound at 500 W and 550 W with ratios of 0.4% and 0.8%The samples were characterized based on particle size, morphology, and the main functional groups of cellulose. The results showed that the combination of 35% acetic acid hydrolysis and ultrasound could convert waste paper into nanocellulose, with the smallest particle size obtained from sample P6 at 224,20 ± 222,4 nm. The treatment with 35% acetic acid hydrolysis for 120 minutes still produced a particle size of 1243,30 ± 947,3 nm. SEM and FTIR results indicated the formation of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) with a long fibrous structure having a nanoscale diameter, while the cellulose functional groups remained preserved.