Pengaruh Islamic Corporate Governance, Kinerja Maqasid Syariah, Dan Intellectual Capital Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG), the performance of maqasid sharia, and intellectual capital on the financial performance of Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia. This research is motivated by the continued growth of Islamic banking assets, but has not been followed by an optimal increase in profitability. This condition indicates that the success of Islamic banks is not only influenced by financial aspects, but also by the quality of Islamic governance, the achievement of maqasid sharia objectives, and the ability to manage intellectual capital. The study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The study population includes all Islamic Commercial Banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) during the 2019–2024 period. The sampling technique used a census, resulting in 12 banks with a total of 72 observations. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with two models, namely Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) as proxies for financial performance. The results showed that the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) had no significant effect on ROA or ROE, while the Audit Committee had a significant negative effect on ROA but no effect on ROE. Regarding the performance variables of Maqasid Syariah, the Education Donation Ratio (EDR) had a significant positive effect on ROA and ROE, while Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) had no significant effect. Furthermore, regarding the intellectual capital variable, Value Added Capital Employed (VACA) had a significant positive effect on ROA and ROE, while Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) had no significant effect. Therefore, it can be concluded that the financial performance of Islamic banks is more influenced by education investment and the efficient utilization of intellectual capital than by aspects of Sharia governance and social disclosure.