Formulasi Padat Jamur Orbilia jesu-laurae dan Beauveria bassiana pada Berbagai Bahan Pembawa sebagai Bionematisida terhadap Meloidogyne spp. pada Tanaman Tomat

Abstract

Tomato is an economically important horticultural crop widely cultivated by farmers. However, its production is often limited by plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), which reduce plant growth and yield. Infection develops gradually and is typically characterized by the formation of root galls that interfere with water and nutrient absorption. Environmentally sustainable management can be achieved through the application of fungal-based bionematicides. This study aimed to evaluate solid formulations combining Orbilia jesu-laurae and Beauveria bassiana with different carrier materials and to determine their effectiveness against Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants. The results showed that all formulations maintained spore density for up to eight weeks, with the highest density reaching 6.15 log₁₀ spores/mL. The crab shell powder formulation (P5) demonstrated the greatest effectiveness, indicated by a root damage scale of 1, and increased plant height by 9.30%, leaf number by 19.54%, dry weight by 65%, and fruit number by 123%. These findings indicate that the combined solid formulation of O. jesu-laurae and B. bassiana has strong potential as an effective and environmentally friendly bionematicide for controlling Meloidogyne spp. in tomato cultivation.